The Education and Research Institute

Welcome to ERI

The Education and Research Institute (ERI) is a tax-exempt, educational organization devoted to advancing greater awareness and understanding of America's traditional values. Founded in 1974, ERI has been researching and publishing studies on public policy issues for more than 30 years.

The range of studies undertaken by ERI researchers has been broad—from tax and budget matters, to health care topics, to foreign policy and defense-related issues. Also included in the mix have been in-depth studies of the role of religion in the American political system. A further emphasis throughout has been the historical question of internal security in America's long-running struggle with the Soviet Union. To aid in these studies ERI in 1988 founded its Center for Security Research as a collection point for Cold War historical data.

ERI Board Members

ERI Staff

Beginning in June 2007, the Education and Research Institute launched this Website, chiefly devoted to security issues and ERI’s collection of Cold War data obtained from the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

While the site will cover all aspects of our activities, including publications, seminars, and key personnel, the main feature will be the work of ERI’s Center for Security Research, which over the past two decades has assembled large quantities of materials on Cold War and contemporary security issues, including the current war on terror.

The most voluminous aspect of the site is ERI’s archive of formerly secret data compiled by the FBI on scores of important security cases while the Cold War was in progress. The Center for Security Research has well over 100,000 pages of such material in its possession, and is constantly adding to the total.

These data are of great significance as they tell the backstage story of what was actually happening in America’s domestic Cold War, a story strikingly different in many ways from accepted versions of the conflict. Most notably, they reveal the extent to which suspected Soviet agents, Communists and fellow travelers penetrated U.S. institutions, and the degree to which the FBI was cognizant of the problem and reported it to top officials. (See chart below.)

Included in these files are tens of thousands of pages of once-secret records on such important cases and Cold War figures as J. Robert Oppenheimer, Alger Hiss, Owen Lattimore, Harry Dexter White, Lauchlin Currie, Kim Philby, John Stewart Service and the Amerasia case, the Institute of Pacific Relations, and scores of others.

While these records are revealing and often of sensational nature, their vast extent and cumbersome format make them difficult for researchers to obtain and work with. The object of the ERI/Security Center Website is to ensure that these historical data are accessible to journalists and scholars.

The creation and launching of the site have been made possible by the generous support of the W.H. Bowen Educational Charitable Trust, and by other backers of our program. Supervision and updating of the site are handled by Mark LaRochelle, ERI’s Manager of Information Services.

Among other disclosures in the exhaustive records of the FBI, and held in the archive of the Security Center, are charts and "dissemination summaries," reflecting the vast number of reports the Bureau supplied to top US officials in the period 1945-48 on security suspects holding Federal office. There are two dozen such charts concerning major individual cases, plus a master chart, retained in the personal files of FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover, showing the distribution of more than 370 security reports to 14 Federal agencies and the White House, mostly in the period 1945-46. This master chart is reproduced below.

FBI master chart reflecting the number and distribution of secret reports distributed to top officials in 1945-46 concerning suspected Communist agents in the Federal government. Click for larger version.

Collateral to its FBI researches, ERI has been actively pursuing historical information on security issues relating to the U.S. Department of State.

Of particular interest in this study is the manner in which identified Soviet agents such as Alger Hiss, Mary Jane Keeney, Robert Miller, Maurice Halperin and other lesser-known figures were able to penetrate the department and in some instances stay there for years despite security data provided by the FBI.

Crucial in this respect were events at the close of World War II, when thousands of unscreened staffers from the war-time Office of Strategic Services, Office of War Information, and other temporary units were merged into the State Department. As OSS, OWI and other war-time bureaus were heavily penetrated by Communists and Soviet agents, this merger created countless security problems at State.

Equally important for security and policy battles of the era was the near-simultaneous exit from the department of veteran Under Secretary of State Joseph C. Grew and like-minded officials at odds with so-called progressives of the day, both in and out of government. Grew had frequently crossed swords with the “progressives,” and in the summer of 1945 there were numerous calls demanding his ouster. His departure, together with the influx of new personnel from the war-time bureaus, drastically transformed the nature of the State Department at the threshold of the Cold War. Security and policy issues alike stemmed from these internal changes.

Accordingly, ERI has been gathering archival data on State Department personnel, OSS and OWI, the steps by which the post-war merger was effected, and the circumstances of Grew’s departure. As these data come on line, ERI will publish its research findings, which will also be available on our Website.

ERI research and policy concerns also extend beyond historical aspects of the East-West conflict to the contemporary war on terror.

In particular, ERI and its Security Center have delved into the many overlaps between policy stances that produced grave security problems in the Cold War and those that led to the disaster of 9/11. Among these linkages are civil libertarian conceptions arguing that Communist Party membership on the one hand, and terrorist connections on the other, are protected freedoms immune from official monitoring or sanction.

In keeping with our concerns about these matters, ERI has filed an amicus brief in the case of ACLU v. NSA, which involves the power of the National Security Agency to conduct warrantless interception of communications between terrorist elements overseas and their contacts in the United States.

While the brief involves questions of standing by certain plaintiffs and other procedural issues, the substantive core of ERI’s position is that such monitoring is not only constitutional and lawful, but essential to the security of the nation. As indicated by the title of the case, the main legal force arguing to the contrary, as was true in many Cold War disputes, is the American Civil Liberties Union. Arguing the case for ERI is attorney Richard M. Corn of New York.

As noted elsewhere, large portions of many FBI records pertaining to the Cold War and the issue of Communist infiltration are heavily “redacted” (blacked out). This practice persists despite an executive order that prima facie seems to forbid it, and the further fact that the records in question are 50 years of age and counting.

Under Executive Order 13292, issued by President George W. Bush, historical records in the possession of Federal agencies were to have been automatically declassified on December 31, 2006, subject to certain provisos. Most relevant to our research concerns, the outer time limit for the release of such data is 25 years from the time of compilation. The main exceptions in the order concern material that might compromise the security interests of the nation.

Self-evidently, the data we seek are well beyond the time limits set forth in this executive order. It’s by the same token hard to imagine any security interest of the present day that could be affected by these records. Yet FBI materials obtained by our researchers since December 31, 2006, relating to events of the 1940s and early ’50s, continue to be heavily redacted. We accordingly are pressing forward with efforts to work with Congress to have these materials made public.